THE NEW CREATORS

After the liberation from Ottoman supremacy the power of the national culture is unleashed and for a short period of time there are plenty of new talents born in all areas of the culture. In the literature rises Ivan Vazov, Aleko Konstantinov, Pencho Slaveykov, Zahari Stoqnov. In the painting we can see the foreigners Vereschagin and Markvichka, which began the realistic scholar in the Bulgarian painting art. Bulgaria turns to Europe and learns everything from its culture trying to make up for the passed. The time of symbolism, impressionism and expressionism gives us poets like Geo Milev, Qvorov, Rakitin and Liliev, the artists Nikolay Raynov, Boris Georgiev, Sirak Skitnik and Ivan Milev, the sculptоr Andrey Nikolov, composers Panayot Pipkov and Pancho Vladigerov – all of them are from the European cultural elite. The movie making is born with representatives as Vasil and Zhana Gendovi. The theatre turns to Europe and Russia. During 1904 is born the National Theatre, lots of companies play classical repertoire, guest-performances of the big theatres take place on Bulgarian stage. Among the most talented names are the directors Geo Milev and Isac Daniel, in the dramaturgy well-known is Vazov, Petko Todorov and Peyo Yavorov. The acting talents of Vasil Kirkov, Adriana Bodevska and Krasyo Sarafov attract the Bulgarian public to our first stage. In the period between the two wars the Bulgarian culture is searching again for its roots after the fling to the Europe’s modern art. The subjects for the villages appear, for the city standards, for the holiday and everyday of the modern Bulgarian, for his spirit. This is also a time for developing the science. The already created Academy of Sciences attracts many scientists which specialize in Europe and America and with their works and researches contribute to developing the academic thought in Bulgaria. The University of Sofia is for a long time the only institute of higher education in the country. The quality of the education there is a matter of fact, the lecturers’ erudition is bright. The names of Yovkov and Elin Pelin in the works, of Vapcarov and Bagriana in the poetry, of Kostov and Stoqnov in the dramaturgy, of Maistora and Kiril Conev in the art of painting, of Funev in the art of sculpture, of Surchadzhiev and Danovski in the stage production, are a small part of the bulgarian’s treasure-house of this time. The secesion style buildings give way to the bauhause style, cities are trying to reach Europe’s town-planning, the typical coffees and cultural centers, cinemas, theatres, museums and libraries appear. Among the collectors and the analyzers of the folklore the brightest works are Mihail Arnaudov’s, Konstantin Zagorov’s and Ivan Hadzhiyski’s. After the war period is marked with socialistic realism. Typical for the socialistic art are the heroism, thesis-based and the ideal. The amassment of resources in the state’s hands which redirects them and in the developing the culture has beneficial effect. Some significant works of all types and forms of art appear. Rare arts are improving such as the pantomime, the puppet theatre, the variety, the circus is notching up world heights. The amateur art is uplifting, Bulgaria becomes an actual republic of amateur activities. Folklore fairs, festivals are made, the folklore is declared to be a national value. Markedly high acknowledged becomes our county with our opera school, we can read the names of Boris Hristov, Nikolat Giaurov, Rayna Kabaivanska and Gena Dimitrova for a very long time on the posters in front of the Opera of Milan and Metropoliten Opera. The physical culture, the sport and the tourism are getting better in each way. Good schools are built in many sports in our country. Bulgarians gain many golden medals in Olympics, world and European championships. The Bulgarian sportsmen are best in the heavy athletics, the wrestling, the light athletics, the eurythmics, the marksmanship and the alpinism. The ideological barriers fall after 10th of November 1989 for the Bulgarian cultural figures and actors. The freedom and the lack of censure give the culture new impetus to advance; the creators can travel freely all over the world and bring the glory of their country far beyond its borders. Today “The mystery of the Bulgarian voices”, the Child Radio Choir, The Bulgarian National Opera, creators such as Kristo, Georgi Markov, Milcho Leviev and Edi Kazasian are part of our cultural identity, our face in front of the world. New masters are born in the popular music and the jazz. The names of Simeon Shterev, Lyubomir Denev and Teodosiy Spasov are known from the world music elite. Stefan Danailov is among the stars of the European movies, a new wave in the theatre direction captures the European scenes – Dimitar Gochev, Aleksander Morfov and Tedi Moskov are among the best directors in the Old continent. The press, the radio and the television in Bulgaria have state and private sectors. There are around 20 daily papers, over 100 weekly papers and a great number of periodicals. The national radio emits on middle, short and ultra short frequencies, there are practically private radio stations in every town in the county. Together with the National television there are plenty of private tv channels, cable televisions and video game clubs. There is a historical museum, schools, high-schools, community center, cultural centers, cinemas and libraries in every town. In bigger towns there are theatres, but just few of them are state, most of them are municipal, the private theatrical companies are multiplying. There are national and private circuses. After the year of 2004 a great number of puppet theatres, operas and operettas, ballet theatres and groups, theatres of pantomime, coffee-theatres, varieties, night and musical clubs revived. Preserving the original culture of Bulgaria is a problem of today. In the musical folklore typical are the unequal rhythms, the singing in two and three voices. One of the biggest tasks for the modern artists is the return to the beginning, to studying and research of themes from our great past. This is the way to preserving the national spirit which shows the real face of Bulgaria in front of the world as a cradle of an ancient, talented and worthy nation.